{"id":7864,"date":"2021-08-16T21:28:55","date_gmt":"2021-08-16T14:28:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tct.vn\/blog\/?p=7864"},"modified":"2021-08-18T11:08:23","modified_gmt":"2021-08-18T04:08:23","slug":"ram-va-rom-la-hai-khai-niem-de-bi-nham-lan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tct.vn\/blog\/ram-va-rom-la-hai-khai-niem-de-bi-nham-lan\/","title":{"rendered":"RAM v\u00e0 ROM l\u00e0 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00ec \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u h\u1eb3n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u1ebfn hai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef quen thu\u1ed9c: RAM v\u00e0 ROM v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau ra sao!!!<\/p>\n

RAM l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

RAM l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Random Access Memory – B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb truy xu\u1ea5t ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean – l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh\u00a0m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m<\/strong>\u00a0th\u1eddi gi\u00fap vi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t nhanh h\u01a1n khi c\u1ea7n. RAM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb kh\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u00ean RAM s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t khi t\u1eaft m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n (h\u1ebft pin). N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u00e1o tung m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ra, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y thanh\u00a0RAM<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t khe c\u1eafm tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

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\"Ram<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t Chrome b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o RAM v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb RAM. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi m\u00e1y v\u1eabn b\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1eaft, ho\u1eb7c RAM b\u1ecb ng\u1eebng c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu\u00a0Chrome ng\u1ed1n RAM\u00a0qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e9<\/p>\n

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Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111i k\u00e8m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t khe c\u1eafm RAM, mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c\u00a0n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p RAM, t\u0103ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

ROM l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

ROM l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Read Only Memory – B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc – l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i\u00a0b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb trong<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh “kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng”<\/em>. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi RAM s\u1ebd x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi,\u00a0ROM gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eaft<\/strong>; \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt l\u00ean \u1edf l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ROM, vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u xa x\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ROM trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0BIOS, chip PROM l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0129nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. C\u00e1c chip ROM c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ed9p tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i (cartrigde) c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u01a1i game nh\u01b0 Nintendo, Gameboy, Sega Genesis,… Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9p n\u00e0y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh game tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chip ROM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1edfi console khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ed9p.<\/p>\n

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Ki\u1ec3u ROM c\u0169 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1932 v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb tr\u1ed1ng (drum memory). Ng\u00e0y nay, ROM v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

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Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa RAM v\u00e0 ROM<\/h2>\n
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\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m so s\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/td>\nRAM<\/strong><\/td>\nROM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\n– RAM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chip m\u1ecfng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khe c\u1eafm tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7. RAM th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ROM.<\/td>\n– ROM l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a quang b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng t\u1eeb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi<\/td>\n– B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb kh\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n– B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0129nh (b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea3 khi t\u1eaft m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n– RAM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh sau khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ea1p h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong RAM.<\/td>\n

– ROM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

– D\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong\u00a0ROM ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc<\/strong>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ‘b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc’.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n– Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o RAM nhanh.<\/p>\n

– T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh.<\/td>\n

– Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o ROM ch\u1eadm.<\/p>\n

– T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1eadm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/td>\n– D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong RAM.<\/td>\n– Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u00ean ROM.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/td>\n– M\u1ed9t chip RAM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u gigabyte (GB) d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eeb 1 GB \u0111\u1ebfn 256 GB cho m\u1ed7i chip.<\/td>\n– M\u1ed9t chip ROM l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i megabyte (MB) d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 4 MB ho\u1eb7c 8 MB cho m\u1ed7i chip.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n– Ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb RAM c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ROM.<\/td>\n– Th\u00f4ng tin trong ROM v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n